Abstract

Juvenile offender treatment is an extremely broad term that incorporates a range of delinquency reduction programs and mental health treatment services that are delivered across diverse settings including community-based diversion programs (Schwalbe, Gearing, MacKenzie, Brewer, & Ibrahim, 2012), formal communitybased court supervision and aftercare programs (Hsieh et al., 2016; James, Stams, Asscher, De Roo, & van der Laan, 2013), and out-of-home placements/residential programs (e.g., secure and nonsecure, public and private residential placement facilities; Hockenberry, Sickmund, & Sladky, 2015).