Abstract

Self-efficacy refers to one’s perceived capabilities for learning or performing actions at designated levels (Bandura, 1997). Researchers have explored the operation of self-efficacy in various domains (e.g., education, health, business) and among individuals differing in age, developmental level, and cultural background. This research has shown that self-efficacy influences individuals’ motivation, achievement, and self-regulation (Bandura, 1997; Multon, Brown, & Lent, 1991; Pajares, 1997; Stajkovic & Luthans, 1998).