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In This Chapter
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Surface Geometry and Its Importance in Function
- Introduction
- Two-Body Interaction—The Static Situation
- Contact
- Macroscopic Behavior
- Two Spheres in Contact
- Two Cylinders in Contact
- Crossed Cylinders at Any Angle
- Sphere on a Cylinder
- Sphere inside a Cylinder
- Microscopic Behavior
- General
- Elastic Contact
- Fractal and Contact
- Weierstrass Characterization
- Fractal Parameters of Significance in Contact via the Autocorrelation Function
- Crossing and Peak Density
- Potential Energy Approach
- Limited Scale-Asperity Interaction
- Asperity Interaction-Average Behavior
- Peak Correlation—Compliance Transfer—Possible Mechanisms
- Punch Strain
- Reduction of Scale of Contact Problem: Winkler–Popov
- Effect of Waviness on Contact
- Non-Gaussian Surfaces and Contact
- Highly Elastic Contact: Persson Diffusion Equation
- Note on Scales of Size
- Microcontact Under Load
- Elastic/Plastic Balance—Plasticity Index
- Plasticity Index
- Plastic Elastic Effects—Unloading
- Plastic Deformation of Rough Surfaces
- Energy Considerations
- Greenwood–Nayak Comment
- Size and Surface Effects on Mechanical and Material Properties
- Functional Properties of Normal Contact
- Two-Body Interactions—Dynamic Behavior
- General
- Friction
- Friction Mechanisms—General
- Friction Modeling in Simulation *
- Coulomb
- Viscous
- Stribeck
- Dankowicz
- Dahl
- Canudas de Wit
- Stochastic
- Chemical Layers
- Atomic Friction Model
- Force Variations due to Asperity and Debris Interaction
- Micromechanics of Friction—Effects of Nanoscale Roughness
- General
- Influence of Texture Lay on Friction
- Dry Friction
- Tribo-Reactive Layers
- Friction on Artificial Surfaces
- High Friction Surfaces
- Plowing
- Friction in Metal Processing
- Wet Friction—Clutch Application
- Atomistic Considerations—Simulations
- Rubber Friction and Surface Effects
- Other Applications and Considerations
- Thermo-Mechanical Effects of Friction Caused by Surface Interaction
- Friction and Wear Comments–Dry Conditions
- Wear—General
- Wear Classification
- Wear Measurement from Surface Profilometry
- Wear Prediction Models
- Abrasive Wear and Surface Roughness
- Lubrication—Description of the Various Types with Emphasis on the Effect of Surfaces
- General
- Hydrodynamic Lubrication and Surface Geometry
- Two Body Lubrication under Pressure: Elasto Hydrodynamic Lubrication and the Influence of Roughness
- Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication—General
- Pressure on Dependence of Liquid Density
- Pressure Dependence of Liquid Viscosity
- Surface Roughness, Reynolds vs. Stokes Treatment
- Lubricant Film Thickness Equation
- Equilibrium Equation
- Typical Elasto-Hydrodynamic Experiment
- Hydrodynamic Lubrication and Gas Lubricants
- Mixed Lubrication and Roughness
- Boundary Lubrication
- General
- Types of Lubricant
- Solid–Liquid Lubrication
- Mechanical Properties of Thin Boundary Layer Films
- Breakdown of Boundary Lubrication—General Comments
- Nanolubrication—A Summary
- Surface Geometry Modification for Function
- Texturing and Lubrication
- Hydrodynamic and Texture
- Textured Surfaces—EHD (Elasto-Hydrodynamic Lubrication)
- Highly Loaded Non-Conformal Surfaces
- Summary of Texturing and Lubrication
- Hydrophobia and Friction of Textured Solids
- Micro Flow and Shape of Channels
- Shakedown, Surface Texture, and Running In
- Surface Failure Modes *
- The Function–Lifetime, Weibull Distribution
- Scuffing Problem
- Rolling Fatigue (Pitting and Spalling) Problem
- 3D Body Motion and Geometric Implications
- Vibration Effects
- One-Body Interactions
- General Mechanical Electical Chemical
- One Body with Radiation (Optical): The Effect of Roughness on the Scattering of Electromagnetic and Other Radiation
- Optical Scatter—General
- General Optical Approach
- Smooth Random Surface
- Geometric Ray-Tracing Criterion—Rough Random Surfaces
- Effect of Surface Curvature
- Estimation of 1, The Facet Length
- Scatter from Deterministic Surfaces
- Summary of Results, Scalar and Geometrical Treatments
- Mixtures of Two Random Surfaces
- Other Considerations on Light Scatter
- Scattering from Non-Gaussian Surfaces and Other Effects
- Aspherics and Free Form Surfaces
- Scattering by Different Sorts of Waves
- System Function Assembly
- Discussion
- Notes
- References
Abstract
This area of the subject is the most important because it is here that the significance of the surface is noticed not just from a theoretical point of view, but most importantly, in practical terms. The term function is taken to mean the use of the surface. The word performance could be used to describe the effectiveness of the function.
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