Abstract

Superfluidity, which was discovered in 1938 simultaneously by Kapitsa [2], and by Allen and Misener [3], is a phase of matter characterized by the complete absence of viscosity [1]. Many studies have been devoted to the investigation of the peculiar properties associated with the superfluid phase. Among these are an unusually high thermal conductivity and a zero entropy as well as many other fascinating effects, such as the “fountain effect,” film flow and creep, and quantized vortices [1]. As a result of vibrant research in this area, several Nobel Prizes have been awarded for investigations of superfluidity: [Landau (1962); Kapitsa (1978); Lee-Osherhoff-Richardson (1996); and Abrikosov–Ginzburg–Leggett (2003)].