Abstract

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are minute parts of magnetic materials with typical size well below 10⁻⁷ m. They are present in different materials found in nature such as rocks, living organisms, ceramics, and corrosion products, but they are also artificially made and used as the active component of ferrofluids, permanent magnets, soft magnetic materials, biomedical materials, and catalysts. Their diverse applications in geology, physics chemistry, biology, and medicine render the study of their properties of great importance to both science and technology.