Abstract

Manure, compost, and biosolids (municipal sludge) are organic residuals that contain nutrients and organic matter. They are excellent substitutes for chemical fertilizers. The organic matter in these renewable organic residuals can significantly improve the chemical and physical properties of soil and enhance biological activities. Because manure, compost, and biosolids contain nutrients and organic matter, they can be used to improve degraded, eroded, or less productive soils as soil amendments. If not used properly, manure, compost, and biosolids can be sources of environmental pollution.