Abstract

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the need for and the development of methods to evaluate the efficacy of handwashing in the consumer product realm. Studies to assess how, where, and to what extent consumers acquire bacteria will be described. Examples will be provided that demonstrate how data derived from such studies can be used to estimate the level of risk associated with bacterial exposure in the nonhealthcare setting. Newly developed methods that are more reflective of the consumer’s handwashing experience will also be described.